毛泽东教给你的6个公文写作锦囊
<p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">毛泽东是一代伟人,还是文章大家。他用一句话概括了好文件的标准,“使人读得下去,读过后很舒服”。公文的最高境界,莫过如此。毛泽东还用丰富的实践和深刻的理论,指导我们如何写好公文。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1.</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">自己动手</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">自己动手写公文是领导干部理所当然的工作,也是其领导才干的体现。毛泽东不但把亲自动手写公文的要求下发全党严格推行,更是以身作则,率先垂范。他亲自起草了大量的公文,如通知、指示、命令、电报,等等,收入《毛泽东选集》和《毛泽东文集》中的有</span>340<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">多篇;他还亲自阅读修改了难以计数的公文,在《毛泽东年谱》中可以详细地看到有关记载。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2.</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">实事求是</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">毛泽东提倡写文章要采取实事求是的态度,要从生活、从实践出发,真诚地表达自己的心里话。他说:“只要是严格说理又合乎事实,即实事求是的文章,是站得起来的。”他称赞列宁的著作“生动活泼”,因为列宁“把心交给人,讲真话,不吞吞吐吐”。做人贵在真诚,作文也是如此。毛泽东主张文章“不要用过于夸大的修饰词”,分析情况好就是好,坏就是坏,“不要夸大”;讲话发言也要“有表扬,有批评,有成绩,也有缺点”,不要尽是讲好话。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3.</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">心有读者</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">写文章要有群众观点,心里始终装着读者。毛泽东说:“你讲话是讲给别人听的,写文章是给别人看的,不是给你自己看嘛!”“要想到对方的心理状态。”“当着自己写文章的时候,不要老是想着‘我多么高明’,而要采取和读者处于完全平等地位的态度。”这是群众观点在文风中的具体体现。心里有读者,谋篇布局、遣词造句、语言运用都考虑读者的感受,这样读者才会爱看你的文章。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4.</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">分析问题</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">毛泽东告诫写文章要处理好材料和观点的关系,强调“材料应与观点统一”,要把材料经过大脑的加工,贯通起来,形成自己的系统看法。材料是血肉,是观点的基础。毛泽东说:“不熟悉生活,对于所论的矛盾不真正了解,就不可能有中肯的分析。”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">然而单有材料还不行,还要加工,要消化。毛泽东曾说</span><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 2em; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“文章写不下去了,此时应该多看看材料,再考虑考虑,看看自己是不是还没有真懂。”构思写文首先要分析所论事物对立统一的内部联系,分析其中的主要矛盾与次要矛盾,这样才能“有长江大河、势如破竹之势”。如果没把问题搞懂,就不要轻易下笔。</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5.</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文字生动</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">毛泽东是遣词造句的大师,他的语言精炼准确,词汇丰富多彩,用典生动恰当,他的文章既有思想的力量,也有艺术的感染力。在文章语言的运用上,毛泽东指出要向人民群众学习语言,要从外国语言中吸收我们所需要的成分,还要学习古人语言中有生命的东西。他尤其反对一些人“写文章没有中国味道,硬搬西洋文字的文法”,主张要吸收祖国语言几千年来的丰富营养;他批评有些文章“洋腔洋调”,主张中国人写文章要有中国风格、中国气派。</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">6.</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">反复修改</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 15px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 28px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">为什么一定要修改文章呢?改文章就是改思想,改的过程就是思想完善的过程。</span>1963<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">年,毛泽东在会见外宾时谈到:“写文章和写诗不经过修改是很少的。为什么要修改?甚至还要从头写?就是因为文字不正确,或者思想好,但文字表达不好,要经过修改。”毛泽东还主张,“重要的文章不妨看它十多遍,认真地加以删改,然后发表。文章是客观事物的反映,而事物是曲折复杂的,必须反复研究,才能反映恰当”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(综合《党的文献》、《刊授党校》相关内容整理)</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.600000381469727px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">来源:“中国共</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(192, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">产党新闻网·党员学习微平台(cpcnews)”,</strong></span></p><p></p>
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