“亟待”“亟须”和“急需”的用法
<section data-id="391" class="135editor" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); border: 0px none; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><section style="margin: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px rgb(30, 155, 232); border-image-source: none; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px;"><section style="margin-left: -0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4; color: inherit;"><section style="padding: 3px 8px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(138, 193, 226); border-top-left-radius: 4px; border-top-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 1em; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotateZ(-10deg); -webkit-transform-origin: 0% 100%; background-color: rgb(30, 155, 232);"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span>杜老师信箱</strong></section></section><section class="135brush" data-style="line-height:24px;color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px" style="margin-top: -24px; padding: 22px 16px 16px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(30, 155, 232); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 24px; color: inherit;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(89, 89, 89);"></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">杜老师：</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">您好！我是一名秘书工作者。在起草文件的时候，常用到“亟待”“亟须”“急需”这三个词语。我注意到，有人在文件中，将这三个词语分别写成“急待”“急须”和“亟需”。请问“急待”“急须”“亟需”的写法是否妥当？谢谢。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">清风</strong></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section data-id="3" class="135editor" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); border: 0px none; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><section style="margin: 2px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(216, 40, 33);"><section style="margin-left: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.4em; border-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); color: inherit;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); color: inherit;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 32px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" data-mce-style="color: #a5a5a5;" placeholder="关于135编辑器" style="padding: 4px 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(216, 40, 33); border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: rgb(218, 137, 133);"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; line-height: 16.796875px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;">杜老师回信</span></span></strong></span></section><section class="135brush" data-style="color:rgb(89, 89, 89); font-size:14px; line-height:28px" style="margin-top: -0.7em; padding: 10px 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(216, 40, 33); border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-right-radius: 0.4em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0.4em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">清风：</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">你好！<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“亟待”是“急迫等待”的意思。其中的“亟”是个文言词语，义为“急迫”“迫切”。</span></strong>例如：</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（1） 这件事情亟待解决。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">（2） 这片森林里的珍稀鸟类亟待保护。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“亟待”带有较浓的书面语色彩，因此“亟待”一词一般用于书面语中。《现代汉语词典》中有“亟待解决”的用例。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">《现代汉语常用词表》（商务印书馆，2008年版）中有“急待”（跟“亟待”同义）。可见“急待”在社会语文生活中也有一定流通性，但词典多未收录这个词形。</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在人民网上搜索，看到“亟待”的使用率远远大于“急待”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">故而，我们在写公文的时候，特别是写书面语色彩明显的公文时，宜用“亟待”，不宜用“急待”。</span></strong>这样做不仅使该词语的写法跟权威工具书相一致，也跟社会的主流写法相一致。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“亟须”是“急迫须要”或者“迫切要”的意思，也带有浓厚的书面语色彩。</span></strong>《现代汉语词典》中有“亟须纠正”的用例。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">上世纪30年代出版的《国语辞典》中，曾有“急须”（跟“亟须”同义），现在的词典一般不收录“急须”这一词形。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">在人民网上观察，可以看到，“亟须”是主流用法，而“急须”则用得甚少。另外，在古代，“急须”还是个名词，用来指“煮茶、暖酒的器具”或者“便溺器”。</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">因此，我们写公文的时候，宜用“亟须”，不宜用“急须”。</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">“急需”是“紧急需要”或“急迫需要”的意思。</span></strong>《现代汉语词典》上有“急需”的词条，并有“急需处理”“以应急需”的用例。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">虽然《新华多功能字典》上有“亟需根本转变”的用例，《现代汉语规范词典》上有“亟需血浆”的用例，但跟“急需”比较起来，在社会使用中“亟需”用例较少。</span></strong>例如在人民网上观察，“亟需”的使用数量远逊于“急需”。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">而且，在《汉语拼音词汇》《普通话水平测试实施纲要•普通话水平测试用普通话词语表》《现代汉语常用词表》中，都只有“急需”而无“亟需”。可见，就词语的流通性而言，“急需”远大于“亟需”。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(227, 108, 9); box-sizing: border-box !important;">故而，我们在公文写作中，表示“紧急需要”时宜用“急需”而不宜用“亟需”。</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;">坚持写“亟待”“亟须”“急需”，而不写“急待”“急须”“亟需”也有利于避免在公文写作中表示同一意思时词形歧出。</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">（文章摘自《秘书工作》杂志2015年第1期。作者：杜永道）</span></p><p></p> 词形类问题，实用帖。也提出了跟权威工具书相一致的原则。 写的非常好值得我们学习
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