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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： + J& @( c# I* imso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:3 z8 h' d1 C& {' ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 L# U- i N; d' z' B6 t; @/ I
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5 O. Y7 V# i( d0 z% emso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：2 [$ m) F6 l! a" I+ }" M! p o
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; J, R" e! P) e j1 Y8 umso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。0 V& e& M7 {9 h% H5 N, f$ r# a, Y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。0 v6 h2 y) n( p8 i) z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：; K1 Z, T; Z, c) |7 O/ ~
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( ?& J% A: y& A7 W7 Q8 z* J& Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。4 ^1 e% c& T- f
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! N- B! D7 ^3 o' J c, Z4 ?0 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？# d' n5 n$ l7 r- @
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。. x% ~ ]/ S M3 V3 U/ d) [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ ^0 v4 s0 ^9 STahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服# r& t5 X0 s8 {/ o. N6 ]7 Z, @mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 1 v' E" A. C6 L' Q0 e. f: s2 c! _' B
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' O2 @- T, h, b2 hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢# d1 ]( n& G) [ x9 t4 \0 \, dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) Q- ]* {7 j/ _! Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服6 m& \, h C6 k% C1 m
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. k; G, K# J+ w+ S' [: N5 F% b \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的* j; {2 Q8 o T, z: D d: E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。- I5 W( w+ W5 g2 j2 r+ M E2 [: s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新+ f9 ^9 s0 C9 r+ X
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3 ~6 P; ^ K K0 q. P7 Y8 qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白' `- I) K/ ?$ C6 _: }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学' c& Q# H I& [9 amso-font-kerning:0pt"> 0 ]8 ] _8 f% U. O$ e9 f
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n4 j7 c8 A2 \ g7 QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么% t9 L+ U% r5 T- ^/ ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ P' m/ ?6 k7 a( kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ x4 R$ c0 g; E7 h' ~# }4 c1 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？2 J E. K: j9 _0 N! zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——* C! b# a* A) {. o) afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ ?1 T S- {3 Q- N
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! _ S9 M C/ A4 r/ Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说% R, G6 `$ n* c9 H7 F) C: b' E
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8 F* L! Q1 y6 \ W/ B2 ?+ Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">本身就包含着德治与法治相结合的观点。4 Y+ Z- H2 Q6 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 ~# C3 e5 C6 i0 t ~7 G3 amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善2 C1 j/ p- q, n2 M1 a& J+ ?3 qmso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' o; B: e" I1 Smso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊# d* l, Q; ]8 v, W* w6 X% Z! }mso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ h3 G$ ~7 ~. k c6 q! Y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚, W) X/ X) ~+ Jmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 ]9 ~ p. E6 L9 c9 X' x$ s% k
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4 w0 h% z7 L8 [. i' A$ O. N5 ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！% r5 M% w) g/ M! U6 V6 @( `( imso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 Y$ E! Q: Q$ B7 q$ f" s
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' Z* k; C2 ~! {) k8 @# E; `2 lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假( C4 z: Y B1 o, X* ?, m+ l; Imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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9 d- Y3 H* V4 tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是# O1 Z' w/ r3 O" T4 R% t4 q
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+ M# Q( H" I* X2 Lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题: t; Y7 O X0 H2 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。: |9 {6 L8 r% B% o: i0 G* x
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( i2 D8 k" ?; C* l" |5 \% d& kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴9 _ [6 i# t* r6 N& S* }4 O& P) K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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