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9 U6 | q5 K; j* f' bTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网" a$ c5 U, I2 B- a9 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。' K% e2 v w' a! p+ bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第% [4 w! D q/ S
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/ S9 D: r# ~( `2 z) Q, O, v, b4 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：: r$ P5 {+ B$ _9 E+ j1 {8 v- k( smso-font-kerning:0pt">“( v& X( ?% u& C) K, w; x6 U" b
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) ?. f X# ? N* g) Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：/ R0 [ [" N1 z; o) l% z/ Y* Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 b8 O! y, n3 Z& c$ o0 {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。/ c5 R# j1 B; `& `+ _4 D
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+ F1 }! l% L: F4 D7 T+ U# pmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？$ k7 t3 f" h, q& l
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。. W' k- J* L8 ~6 x# P2 ccolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。! c. V4 r& |% M2 }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。# D: Z4 v0 L, ]& O6 U10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”# ~+ q( ]/ X0 d. D! h9 H4 Gmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;' \* B( Z8 q6 G' T6 s, g1 L
mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：6 I$ M- x) v8 J( M
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3 M& u. i) @' k4 @! Q+ CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。+ \2 ~9 k4 z; Z. j* C$ Q) }1 ]( X0 C8 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">"3 K; Z& ?5 n) H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：2 @) a8 |5 J( V
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) m/ O( O) ~- ^, G! o& J: Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢/ C9 ^. H% v% a' ~7 L/ k; J' Q7 D
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/ Q. V, D. Z- u. Y1 X" _8 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：& F9 F$ ~ B+ g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。 @$ E- k/ D2 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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9 y8 n T3 q& nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是; g6 E5 w+ j& `; @ U) {: i10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“* x: z( f6 w& q0 s/ W% H3 }
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9 i6 z1 Q( m, {2 v/ f6 e: Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违/ a: F' F/ K C( e+ X4 L! r7 y# w10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( w2 U9 J/ z6 v) m! M$ K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得6 M$ Q* o- x- R! H" L/ F, ?8 Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲 ]6 g m+ o! X: F: ~8 j# b2 K6 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“( N: Q7 [ E& l( y; v' B) jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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( Y2 }0 N& f" B3 S6 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，( ]6 J1 s5 Z+ n0 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 a0 P% Y. g- q) Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
* T0 T' m1 p9 G y: f9 V! ]1 @* ]7 Y8 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。1 c0 ]7 y. f4 I; k9 ~# P7 s: x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。, \3 T9 p$ b8 w2 V6 _% f5 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 D' d/ S8 X; @9 S3 ?; Y: `4 vmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。# @/ M$ r! b3 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义" [0 f$ V9 X6 H L0 H% u6 q
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- ~8 p: A* e7 j- xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！) W3 b- X3 q( r g! e. S3 K8 @8 P
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, q* G/ b' l1 j# ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。5 \0 _7 b" @" B; `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# B1 _2 a# T: ^8 A+ ~/ ^! h: c3 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊! l3 @7 `$ E, R; {$ _$ Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。1 p5 P/ ?( ~& b5 p8 I6 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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5 Z5 e/ J3 G; v. ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。 t. c6 D- i Z! m: N; Q/ i# e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) h. j, X: N6 _6 f9 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 ?3 U* F2 I) T/ Z/ zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
; S+ t9 |" |; \) |6 s$ u; f/ Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说： I& u6 a# ]& o8 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“" D! M F3 }' b @( x8 f( @
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' ]6 A- \8 |8 r S3 V4 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。# z/ p8 E6 z* E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个; a) u$ ]# C) s4 V" B1 I
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8 m" }3 U$ {' I6 e, Y0 r zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为4 l# Z% A. b, W# k! U9 L
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" @1 v, Y$ [! b2 X jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道4 t2 ^# A# `6 z' x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。' w7 z8 V, Q6 P: p
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0 P, y) {8 Q6 M4 ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的0 r2 V6 d# Y2 Y4 a" ?, Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ M$ r( m; F' {" N4 bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 Y6 [- J( k+ S, l2 S5 S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思$ t ]1 ~/ C8 c/ w' U" ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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