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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, 8 t; G- X4 L$ A# ]' K0 e% h宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 6 c% \: u3 b2 r( i( E3 Z* Q
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"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, 8 i4 p: W) [ F/ a: T6 s宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,; W0 `7 @7 {% I G& ~
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
: d6 t" T- G% F1 `" r"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。 d' \7 I' Y, Z3 U) t
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, ' ~2 t% `- T* ?* W5 `, x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, 9 d$ l w$ |2 d- _/ N* U B
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, n# M6 I9 S+ ^( K: ["Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
2 O U3 o( O+ S& i4 E3 |+ |, K& n3 e3 @$ o( ?mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, $ s' z$ y7 c, |3 X0 p& `' s, I# {宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, 9 b! W0 b% Y) F5 qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
) D( \) d4 Z& X+ f"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, ) h( m& c9 b+ q. {9 g
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 4 {8 |8 m. [5 d宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,, p* R. n* v1 p5 m) l
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; w3 p( X, i P3 w6 `/ M; {"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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( }# Y: V% w( N Z4 L. ?/ i, rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, 0 b7 ]8 D1 [' c) `6 q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ ) L7 Z. m; c; z2 G* [
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” + S; j! J4 p5 b0 k3 @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ / B& h) @) I/ a* S8 I/ U
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” : G& R( X! V$ M宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, ( @+ l6 a- E; r
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
# T0 Y8 ^/ c4 o$ B8 B. G( a"Times New Roman"">前者为因, - Z/ ^' ?" ~( | Q% }; i+ c0 vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, % E4 G2 V( X: t
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"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, 8 f; |# ~# h B( e* n1 C. _宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, + T# D2 Y5 V# G9 L. N: i gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 w% \5 a' l' Y f; t5 T: b
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 5 R, k% M, p. b& y' Y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: * u3 {3 F! C% X! V1 S+ e" lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% I$ W0 ~. Y8 V" |0 ]: E
"Times New Roman"">“ 0 l( s9 p. x7 k; W7 bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? & i) S& t- E# d" C宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” ( t# m+ g$ a, _( _
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 7 X6 F: c7 G3 V$ X2 Q# Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( L1 A8 l, W, t! E
"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
/ n5 {' `2 \+ h' I" y+ v7 L6 C5 h& G2 Bmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, 8 U5 Z+ v" E A) U8 P. f6 E
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"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
( j$ l9 [+ O0 ?9 ~# f: c7 E9 nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, * f; g" g& d0 L
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"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, % B( Q( H) H8 B; omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 - T, w2 ~$ |& J; o( S
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里: M% W8 @: i9 [" }
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 2 }6 Q' v2 B# _mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(. b* x9 a1 X- c0 w& G( i
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), 9 I0 `; s( Y; o- i5 A
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"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用6 x! ?. d0 t( I5 _( v# @
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, " e! V/ A& {/ x; ~# I" X
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 O2 i5 ~9 T. V! b e/ h"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, 9 v; F) x. U8 {. P# U. \8 Q
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!7 V7 n, o+ E/ X: E
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, " ^3 s1 B$ t% k9 lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; q, @& k- o/ @! w' }( n# D"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: 0 B9 I' Y( E" s2 Vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, 5 v4 D* T3 \3 K4 @% r5 K
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, ( Y# s8 v' }' d! l$ ]; X
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"Times New Roman"">“ 8 A% K: ^3 e) k A% amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”) w9 H# S$ m! `! S12.0pt"> 8 _6 l" ~/ j+ W, f9 ]$ a3 X
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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0 | A. a0 ?9 @- b/ S8 V# l; _2 W8 I3 n6 r/ b' b5 W( Rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, , I" D6 c C/ m/ i: \7 u宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, # ^& L! e8 `! x$ O; J: z0 Q
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"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, " Z, d1 N% b7 d3 ?) Pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, " P6 j. @; b7 d5 W6 f7 x6 V) v# Y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, 9 l3 U q( U) J3 z- Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 @! v8 y$ [+ ^5 j O8 y
"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ * l E+ n( K9 s$ R8 imso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” i- f" e4 R5 F: V宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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1 b% Q" m; H# \* y: ^. F$ E( G宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
% C( _+ s' {# V, E, N/ T& h, p2 Z4 J+ s0 G$ F$ Y! s( A" ^
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" l( l+ f# R" b; D4 X! {' i"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
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/ e# L3 n+ Q8 H4 u. t$ R B8 jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, 3 c( a0 Y& Q1 @1 v r6 Z3 d
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, + @3 z* J4 H: P& X* G+ n& _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" e# S1 s9 u. Z: W& }9 B
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, ; f M1 ]( N( W/ R5 {' ~1 w$ T
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
r) O8 e2 X8 P6 }4 |) g"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,% w% }7 s4 t! [5 }& F. c- h5 L) w
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, " |, @( d' ~' }) r8 xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
) _) E6 E- K# R"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题: e6 L$ e* J# W* b' @7 w+ |- I" y12.0pt">: $ U0 R0 A* W6 W1 z. i O"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: ?- M9 F: A8 T0 s4 S. ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* d" l+ B+ w+ k5 M. a
"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才% s4 ~* C3 I$ _9 b0 S9 D3 K2 i* q12.0pt">, 4 ~* [6 e! W; O* S# p. f3 Z
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, + L) z) L7 d. |. [
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"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; ) N' W$ _+ P) o3 w+ D- V7 Cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, : F9 ?# g+ l4 a! ?4 d) b9 R
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, / Q. H4 w2 `" O% [$ f9 E, H
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 I m+ e4 ~# e3 ?
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题- ?# m4 u% v z1 E12.0pt">; , P8 X* s+ L8 ^) M
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, . h" Q' B; ?- X) p
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"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求# `" S9 ^! `% j# q$ q12.0pt">: 9 F3 H! T" m( F$ y8 M"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; . W' r, D! H; p8 p' B' H: L, w
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"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, 1 H" F2 ]6 \; P# W& v) A. h
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, & O4 H7 A2 X7 P7 n q& L4 q; q
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 I! e; u4 [ u5 ]! m" G( {"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统9 p- |- u. ]/ g }/ n9 l12.0pt">:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ 4 k$ b+ N' G, J7 d- M宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 6 k' k3 O. J( r$ ]1 A, C. X宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 , u. {. u9 H% T% p: ~! e, ^ N1 Y
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> + R+ G6 M; \( U" {+ ^
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6 z8 `5 B* G) f9 r* s" ] R" ]& r1 h' V! T宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总," f" s+ A5 l: d
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, 9 g/ m/ P3 Y/ H9 m; C' Q5 Q U
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"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 8 `: m5 P& Q m* e' S+ Z+ r
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, + k( r! p) @, B; |* C; Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- P" C& i8 ?! q$ C% k. q; X1 H"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
: _; B, Y; X9 u3 V, O" h% m! q( j7 k2 hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, ' ?! ~" y" a( afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* {4 w2 Y; q0 y# Y9 v0 n6 k7 |2 f"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, ! C- Y7 G6 b4 J4 s9 c, p
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, 2 V \6 ]" |* z0 j( {8 n
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: ' o5 ?0 w* J3 u; U- p+ Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 ]& C2 N: X) t3 j"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, . ~6 m- k* D/ c) }8 cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, * D. B( Y5 ], ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 K. m3 `& M+ Y* g0 |6 D/ k
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, ' S& V/ \) c# i; `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。 % y* y- K% h& h2 M" u
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. }7 J% F& P& P3 L/ U3 umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,+ X7 Z F. i: Q3 T" s6 r; L4 r
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ t5 D9 |, E. ?- W8 i. O"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定4 B4 |6 S( K( u
12.0pt">, - }9 ~3 Z$ y7 I5 ~, Y( d5 a"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 1 \3 m+ x$ @, L2 S' S/ u) r) G
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. O# I1 ~+ Q' { g6 C4 h
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:2 _& f7 j/ b# L, A
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, 5 S( ` m }+ N, Q' t" r, [( a宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 6 b2 Y5 c+ w' W7 G" M8 Ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ Y. x1 h) w2 ?3 e, _1 N- S0 p7 R
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, , _, b" f ?) _% I7 x0 H- A# Z; jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, / f4 [$ @& n) d. v9 u0 W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. j: D6 f q: l"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: ! u( v. M0 i7 B) m" N; S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ , _# J) h$ s1 [1 k' Y- r& Z$ ?宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, $ v9 b; V9 Z8 E' d0 _1 gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. o( y" J- |6 w3 P0 _- B& V2 F
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
